Input-output table (industry by industry)

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Industry output and primary inputs (rows)
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Next update expected:This dataset is not expected to be updated, but is expected to be replaced in the future

Updates

23rd April 2026

Shorten industry names

16th April 2026

formatting

16th April 2026

test

14th April 2026

Added metadata

14th April 2026

Added summary

14th April 2026
Dataset first published.

Main information

Designation
Official statistics in development
Data provider
Welsh Government
Data source
Supply and use tables and input-output tables
Time period covered
January 2022 to December 2022

Overview

Summary of dataset and variables

What is an input-output table

This dataset contains an industry‑by‑industry input‑output table showing the flows of goods and services between Welsh industries, final users, the rest of the UK, and the rest of the world.

The table describes the linkages between industries by showing what each industry buys from other industries in order to produce its output, and where that output is ultimately used. It also shows how much value is added by each industry through the use of labour and capital.

What is the table used for

For each industry, the total amount of goods and services used is equal to the total amount supplied once imports are included. This means the table is fully balanced and internally consistent.

Because of this, the table can be used for a wide range of economic analysis, including understanding supply chains, assessing how changes in demand affect different industries, and calculating economic multipliers.

How is the table structured

Industries appear both across the top of the table and down the left side.

The columns show what each industry needs in order to produce its output, including the goods and services it buys from other industries as well as payments to workers.

The rows show how each industry’s output is used, either by other industries as inputs or by final users such as households and government, as capital investment, or exported.

Together, the rows and columns provide a complete picture of how production and spending are linked across the Welsh economy.

All figures are expressed in basic prices (which exclude taxes but include subsidies on products), and in millions of pounds.

Data collection or calculation

What data sources are used

The input‑output table is an algebraic transformation of the supply and use tables. The Welsh Government supply and use tables are compiled using a combination of surveys and administrative datasets to estimate how much product is produced, imported, used, including that used in capital formation, and exported.

As these data sources can present conflicting information, the tables must be balanced to ensure consistency between total supply and total use. This balancing process is a core feature of the national accounts framework and involves the application of professional judgement to reconcile the available evidence so that supply equals use across all products.

Further detail on data sources and methods is available in the accompanying methodology report.

How these tables compare with earlier releases

This dataset should not be compared with the 2019 release, as the methods, data sources and presentation have been substantially revised.

Statistical quality

What you need to know about data quality

The supply, use and input-output tables are designated as Official Statistics in Development (Office for Statistics Regulation), reflecting ongoing development to methods and engagement with users.

What are the key quality limitations

  • Some table components rely on UK‑level patterns where Wales‑specific data are unavailable at the required level of detail, including production structures for non‑manufacturing industries.
  • Some table components, such as industry GVA, are relatively well supported by data sources. Other components – especially imports – rely on simplifying assumptions that may not fully reflect underlying supply chains.
  • Some surveys have limited coverage and representativeness for parts of the Welsh economy; various apportionment methods are therefore applied to ensure reasonable and balanced estimates.

As a result, the tables are best used for analysing the economy as a whole rather than individual transactions.

Related reports

Published by

Organisation
Welsh Government
Contact email
inputoutputtables@gov.wales